Considering a gluten reduction?

“Gluten-free” stuff is popping up everywhere. More and more foods on grocery store shelves are proclaiming their gluten-free status. In fact, the gluten-free sector of the food industry increased 20% in the 12-month period ending June 2011, to $1.75 billion from $1.46 billion a year ago. In 2007, 700 new gluten-free products were launched in the U.S., up from 214 in 2004. And at the recent Natural Products Expo West held this month at the Anaheim Convention Center, gluten-free products were apparently everywhere.

But what is gluten exactly? It’s a protein composite found in foods processed from wheat and related grain species including barley and rye. Gluten gives elasticity to dough, helping it to rise and to keep its shape, often giving the final product a chewy texture.

Gluten is found in pasta, crackers, cereal, breads and other baked goods, but also lurks in less obvious places such as malt vinegar, soy sauce, many flavorings and emulsifiers, beer, gin, whiskey, rye, gravy and sauces thickened with flour. Even ice cream and ketchup!

And more and more people are finding that they cannot tolerate gluten. In fact, some nutritionists put the number of Americans that might be gluten-intolerant at 30%! The suffering    varies. The worst of all are those that have been diagnosed with Celiac Disease: an abnormal immune reaction to gluten, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine. Some suffer less and have what’s called gluten sensitivity or gluten intolerance, where symptoms include bloating, abdominal discomfort, pain, diarrhea, headaches, migraines, lethargy, ADD, muscular disturbances, even bone and joint pain.

If you went to a nutritionist with some of these complaints, as I did, you’d be given an allergy-free diet to follow. Eliminating the common allergens from the diet (corn, soy, dairy, wheat) even for just a few months will often give the body the break it needs from what seems to be an almost constant onslaught of these potentially allergenic foods. Allergies start when we expose ourselves to an irritant over and over again. The body eventually cannot take it anymore - the immune system responds negatively to the invader - because it cannot fight it any longer.

If you think about what many people in the Western world eat almost daily: bagels, muffins, croissants or pastries for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch, pasta with dinner, crackers or pretzels for snacks…it’s a constant barrage of wheat! What if all this wheat is causing havoc with our health?

Not only are celiacs and those with sensitivities interested in gluten-free products, but parents of children with autism are also snapping them up. In recent years, there’s been some debate over a possible connection between gluten and autism. Diets that eliminate gluten and/or casein (from dairy) are the most common alternative treatments tried for children with “autistic spectrum disorders”. Though there are no clinical trials evidencing that gluten-free diets work for these children, many desperate parents are not ruling out the possibility that it may help.

Quinoa

I applaud these parents for looking closely at what their children eat and giving it a try. It isn’t easy to be gluten-free. But the movement, even for “regular folks”, seems to be gaining momentum. Many who are not celiac or autistic are choosing a gluten-free diet simply because they hear it might be good for them. And perhaps there’s something to it. With our heavy reliance on a single grain crop (wheat), we might be compromising our health. Because of the prevalence of wheat in everything, we might be missing out on the vast array of healthy alternatives. Quinoa is considered an ancient grain, containing the most protein of any other. Quick to cook, its nutty flavor is delicious as a breakfast cereal, a base for veggies, or as a side dish for dinner and I love the stuff. Amaranth, millet, sorghum, taro, teff, and chia seed are other alternatives. Instead of wheat flour, there are bean and nut flours. Almond meal makes a great addition to cookies, cakes, and pancakes and has a low glycemic value. In spite of its name, buckwheat contains no wheat and is gluten-free, but many buckwheat products are mixtures of buckwheat and wheat, so they don’t qualify. Gram flour, derived from chickpeas, is also gluten-free, as is garbanzo flour.

Bob’s Red Mill is a trusted name in the grain business and their products can be found in many supermarkets and health food stores. They offer a very good assortment of gluten-free flours in addition to the regular ones. They are sticklers for quality.

Oats are still controversial, and their gluten-free status depends on numerous factors, such as cross-pollination, so many experts feel that they do contain gluten. So for those with seriously debilitating intestinal conditions, oats are not recommended. But I love oats, and am not prepared to give them up quite yet. I eat them less frequently than I used to, though. Bob's Red Mill offers a guaranteed gluten-free variety.

While many people are legitimately unable to digest gluten, others, who are completely "normal" are jumping on the gluten-free bandwagon. I think many are treating it like just another food fad. Gluten is the current evil food to avoid. Until the next evil food trend comes along, then they'll avoid that one. But maybe some are turning to gluten-free diets for the same reason I am considering it. 

I have been personally interested in experimenting with a wheat-free diet because I find that I feel better when I eat less of it. I have suffered for years with digestive issues and have had my fair share of bloating and painful intestinal cramps. When my nutritionist suggested the allergenic diet (only keeping small amounts of oats and brown rice in the diet while everything else was removed), I lost weight and felt great. But as soon as my digestive problems disappeared, I reverted back to eating the usual stuff. Though I have never gone back to eating bread (I was allergy tested and found to be very reactive to yeast), I still bake with regular flour, eat crackers and flour tortillas, and love pasta! But my digestion is acting up again.  

Since moderation is the key to everything, perhaps eating less gluten-containing foods and more of the alternatives is a step in the right direction. Rounding out the diet with a variety of wheat alternatives can't be a bad thing. In fact, it will provide us with greater nutrition the more variety we build in.

Sources and resources:

http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-gluten7-2008jul07,0,6367449.story

www.wikipedia.com

For a fantastic article on gluten sensitivities, I recommend the following reading:

http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com/2008/12/gluten-sensitivity-celiac-disease-is.html

For recipes and information on living the gluten-free life: www.glutenfreegirl.com.

At a writing workshop I have joined, I have had the pleasure of getting to know a woman named Christina Adams. She has a son with autism and here is her story: http://www.christinaadamswriter.com/writings_Los-Angeles-Times-Magazine.html. She’s also written a book about her experience which can be found on her website.

Tools of the Trade - The Rice Cooker

I recently rediscovered my rice cooker. I don’t know why. It’s been sitting on my counter all this time. It’s not as if it had spent any time hidden from view. But somehow I suddenly noticed it again. I equate this to a child with toys. Sometimes kids get bored with the ones that they’ve been playing with and it isn’t until they stop playing with them for a while that they develop an interest in them again. So it is with my rice cooker.

I guess I was less than enthused about the machine because I would just use it to make the same old thing: rice. But I was thinking as much as I admire its value as a rice cooker, there has got to be more that I could be doing with it. And that’s when I discovered that you really can make all sorts of things in it.

It’s no surprise that grains are perfect for cooking in a rice cooker. They are all just variations on the same theme: grain + liquid. The only thing is that you might have to play around with the amount of liquid in relation to the grain, as some grains are heartier/thicker than rice, and some are more delicate. Brown rice takes longer than white rice, for instance, and requires a bit more water be added. But aside from rice, you can also make oatmeal, risotto, polenta and quinoa, to name a few. Give ordinary rice a little bit of added flavor by adding chicken or vegetable broth instead of water. Add spices to the liquid before cooking. For example, make “Spanish rice” by adding chili powder before cooking. Make coconut rice with lime, saffron rice, pistachio rice, etc. Experiment and see what kinds of concoctions you can come up with.

If your rice cooker came with a steamer insert, it’s a no-brainer to use it to steam veggies, potstickers, or tamales. If you don’t have the steamer insert, you could try putting a flexible silicone insert in the pot. Don’t use a metal one, else you risk scratching the non-stick lining. I hear that replacing the pot can be expensive.

Use it to poach fruit. Pears would be especially good, in a little Riesling or red wine. Slice the fruit, add the liquid, a little sugar and a cinnamon stick or whole cloves.

Make a frittata, layering all the items in the pot and then pressing the “Steam/Cook” button. (http://www.food.com/recipe/frittata-in-a-rice-cooker-404507)

I’ve read that you can use your rice cooker to make soups, stews and beans. But frankly, I’d use my slow cooker for this.

My favorite: make breakfast in it. If yours has a timer, prep everything the night before and set it to be done in the morning. What’s nice about that is that breakfast can be enjoyed by everyone in the house, no matter what time they get up. What I do is add oats, twice as much water, a pinch of salt, a pat of butter, a small handful of dried fruit such as raisins, cranberries, cherries or blueberries, and maybe some walnut pieces and/or spices such as cinnamon or cloves and set it for the time I get up. Voila – breakfast is ready with minimal effort. When it’s ready, I just add some milk and sweetener.

And lastly, one-pot meals are simple and easy to make in a rice cooker, especially for the time-challenged. Toss a bunch of stuff in, close the lid, push the button, and dinner is ready in no time. The only thing to watch out for is the meat – it should already be cooked when it goes in. You basically just want to reheat it, or finish meats that you might have just browned in a saute pan, and not cook it from raw. One of my favorite dishes is unbelievably simple: white rice, chicken and green chilies. It’s so satisfying and ridiculously easy to make and it's on this week's menu again, after a long absence. Serve it alone, with a salad or other veggies, or use it to stuff a burrito.

Green Chile and Chicken Rice

1 1/2 cups medium grain rice
3 cups low sodium chicken broth
2 Tbsp. dried minced onion
1/2 tsp. kosher salt
1 can (10 oz) chicken breast chunks with liquid
1 can (4 oz) diced green chiles with liquid
salt to taste


Place all ingredients in the inner pot of the rice cooker and stir. Cover and press the Steam/Cook button. Allow to cook until rice cooker switches to warm mode. Add salt to taste. Stir and serve immediately as a main course. Serves 4.


If you use a rice cooker in a novel way, let us hear from you by posting a comment.